Morphological Features

QuranTree.jl provides complete types for all morphological features and part of speech of The Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Parsing

The features of each token are encoded as String in its raw form, and in order to parse this as morphological feature, the function parse(QuranFeatures, x) is used, where x is the raw String input. For example, the following will parse the 2nd part of the 3rd word of the 1st verse of Chapter 1:

julia> using QuranTree
julia> using Yunir
julia> crps, tnzl = load(QuranData());
julia> crpsdata = table(crps);
julia> tnzldata = table(tnzl);
julia> crpsdata[1][1][3][2]Chapter 1 ٱلْفَاتِحَة (The Opening)
Verse 1

1×5 DataFrame
 Row │ word   part   form        tag     features
     │ Int64  Int64  String      String  String
─────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   1 │     3      2  r~aHoma`ni  ADJ     STEM|POS:ADJ|LEM:r~aHoma`n|ROOT:…
julia> token = crpsdata[1][1][3][2].data[!, :features]1-element Vector{String}:
 "STEM|POS:ADJ|LEM:r~aHoma`n|ROOT:rHm|MS|GEN"
julia> mfeat = parse(QuranFeatures, token[1])Stem(:ADJ, ADJ, AbstractQuranFeature[Lemma("r~aHoma`n"), Root("rHm"), M, S, GEN])
julia> typeof(mfeat)Stem

Extracting Detailed Description

To see the detailed description of the features, @desc is used.

julia> @desc mfeatStem
────
Adjective:
 ├ data: ADJ
 ├ desc: Adjective
 └ ar_label: صفة
Lemma:
 └ data: r~aHoma`n
Root:
 └ data: rHm
Masculine:
 ├ data: M
 ├ desc: Masculine
 └ ar_label: الجنس
Singular:
 ├ data: S
 ├ desc: Singular
 └ ar_label: العدد
Genetive:
 ├ data: GEN
 ├ desc: Genetive case
 └ ar_label: مجرور

The Julia's dump function can be used as to how to access the properties of the Stem object.

julia> dump(mfeat)Stem
  data: Symbol ADJ
  pos: Adjective
    data: Symbol ADJ
    desc: String "Adjective"
    ar_label: String "صفة"
  feats: Array{AbstractQuranFeature}((5,))
    1: Lemma
      data: String "r~aHoma`n"
    2: Root
      data: String "rHm"
    3: Masculine
      data: Symbol M
      desc: String "Masculine"
      ar_label: String "الجنس"
    4: Singular
      data: Symbol S
      desc: String "Singular"
      ar_label: String "العدد"
    5: Genetive
      data: Symbol GEN
      desc: String "Genetive case"
      ar_label: String "مجرور"
julia> # access other feats of the token
       mfeat.feats5-element Vector{AbstractQuranFeature}:
 Lemma("r~aHoma`n")
 Root("rHm")
 M
 S
 GEN

Checking Parts of Speech

isfeat(token, pos) checks whether the token's parsed feature is a particular part of speech (pos). For example, the following checks whether mfeat above, among others, is indeed Masculine and Singular.

julia> isfeat(mfeat, Masculine)true
julia> isfeat(mfeat, Feminine)false
julia> isfeat(mfeat, Singular)true
julia> isfeat(mfeat, Adjective) && isfeat(mfeat, Genetive)true

Another example on checking whether the token has Root and Lemma features.

julia> isfeat(mfeat, Root) && isfeat(mfeat, Lemma)true

Lemma, Root and Special

root, lemma and special functions are used for extracting the Root, Lemma and Special morphological features, respectively.

julia> root(mfeat)"rHm"
julia> lemma(mfeat)"r~aHoma`n"
julia> arabic(root(mfeat))"رحم"
julia> arabic(lemma(mfeat))"رَّحْمَٰن"

The following example shows token with Special feature:

julia> token2 = crpsdata.data[!, :features][53]"STEM|POS:NEG|LEM:laA|SP:<in~"
julia> mfeat2 = parse(QuranFeatures, token2)ERROR: DomainError with QuranFeatures("STEM|POS:NEG|LEM:laA|SP:<in~"):
Expected SUFFIX feature, got STEM.
julia> special(mfeat2)ERROR: UndefVarError: mfeat2 not defined
julia> arabic(special(mfeat2))ERROR: UndefVarError: mfeat2 not defined

Implied Verb Features

Some features of Quranic Arabic Verbs are implied. For example, the Voice feature of the Verb is default to Active voice, the Mood feature is default to Indicative mood, and the Verb form feature is default to First form.

julia> token3 = crpsdata.data[!, :features][27]"STEM|POS:V|IMPF|(X)|LEM:{sotaEiynu|ROOT:Ewn|1P"

token3 is a Verb with no Mood and Verb form features stated. However, parsing this will automatically add the default values of the said features as shown below:

julia> mfeat3 = parse(QuranFeatures, token3)Stem(:V, V, AbstractQuranFeature[Lemma("{sotaEiynu"), Root("Ewn"), IMPF, X, 1, P, IND, ACT])
julia> @desc mfeat3Stem
────
Verb:
 ├ data: V
 ├ desc: Verb
 └ ar_label: فعل
Lemma:
 └ data: {sotaEiynu
Root:
 └ data: Ewn
Imperfect:
 ├ data: IMPF
 ├ desc: Imperfect verb
 └ ar_label: فعل مضارع
VerbFormX:
 ├ data: X
 ├ desc: Tenth verb form
 └ ar_label: فعل
FirstPerson:
 ├ data: 1
 ├ desc: First person
 └ ar_label: الاسناد
Plural:
 ├ data: P
 ├ desc: Plural
 └ ar_label: العدد
Indicative:
 ├ data: IND
 ├ desc: Indicative mood (default)
 └ ar_label: مرفوع
Active:
 ├ data: ACT
 ├ desc: Active voice (default)
 └ ar_label: مبني للمعلوم

Another example where the Voice feature of the Verb is implied:

julia> token4 = crpsdata.data[!, :features][27]"STEM|POS:V|IMPF|(X)|LEM:{sotaEiynu|ROOT:Ewn|1P"
julia> mfeat4 = parse(QuranFeatures, token4)Stem(:V, V, AbstractQuranFeature[Lemma("{sotaEiynu"), Root("Ewn"), IMPF, X, 1, P, IND, ACT])
julia> @desc mfeat4Stem
────
Verb:
 ├ data: V
 ├ desc: Verb
 └ ar_label: فعل
Lemma:
 └ data: {sotaEiynu
Root:
 └ data: Ewn
Imperfect:
 ├ data: IMPF
 ├ desc: Imperfect verb
 └ ar_label: فعل مضارع
VerbFormX:
 ├ data: X
 ├ desc: Tenth verb form
 └ ar_label: فعل
FirstPerson:
 ├ data: 1
 ├ desc: First person
 └ ar_label: الاسناد
Plural:
 ├ data: P
 ├ desc: Plural
 └ ar_label: العدد
Indicative:
 ├ data: IND
 ├ desc: Indicative mood (default)
 └ ar_label: مرفوع
Active:
 ├ data: ACT
 ├ desc: Active voice (default)
 └ ar_label: مبني للمعلوم

POS Abstract Types

The table below contains the complete list of the Part of Speech with its corresponding types. As shown in the table below, each part of speech has a corresponding parent type, which is a superset type in the Type Hierarchy. This is useful for grouping. For example, instead of using || (or) in checking for all tokens that are either FirstPerson, SecondPerson, or ThirdPerson, the parent type AbstractPerson can be used.

julia> # without using parent type
       function allpersons(row)
           rfeat = parse(QuranFeatures, row.features)
           is1st = isfeat(rfeat, FirstPerson)
           is2nd = isfeat(rfeat, SecondPerson)
           is3rd = isfeat(rfeat, ThirdPerson)
       
           return is1st || is2nd || is3rd
       endallpersons (generic function with 1 method)
julia> tbl1 = filter(allpersons, crpsdata.data);
julia> tbl1[!, [:form, :features]]44092×2 DataFrame
   Row │ form         features
       │ String       String
───────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────
     1 │ <iy~aAka     STEM|POS:PRON|LEM:<iy~aA|2MS
     2 │ naEobudu     STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:Eabada|ROOT:…
     3 │ <iy~aAka     STEM|POS:PRON|LEM:<iy~aA|2MS
     4 │ nasotaEiynu  STEM|POS:V|IMPF|(X)|LEM:{sotaEiy…
     5 │ {hodi        STEM|POS:V|IMPV|LEM:hadaY|ROOT:h…
     6 │ naA          SUFFIX|PRON:1P
     7 │ >anoEamo     STEM|POS:V|PERF|(IV)|LEM:>anoEam…
     8 │ ta           SUFFIX|PRON:2MS
   ⋮   │      ⋮                       ⋮
 44086 │ >aEuw*u      STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:Eu*o|ROOT:Ew…
 44087 │ xalaqa       STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:xalaqa|ROOT:…
 44088 │ waqaba       STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:waqaba|ROOT:…
 44089 │ Hasada       STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:Hasada|ROOT:…
 44090 │ qulo         STEM|POS:V|IMPV|LEM:qaAla|ROOT:q…
 44091 │ >aEuw*u      STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:Eu*o|ROOT:Ew…
 44092 │ yuwasowisu   STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:wasowasa|ROO…
                                      44077 rows omitted
julia> # using parent type
       tbl2 = filter(row -> isfeat(parse(QuranFeatures, row.features), AbstractPerson), crpsdata.data);
julia> tbl2[!, [:form, :features]]44092×2 DataFrame
   Row │ form         features
       │ String       String
───────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────
     1 │ <iy~aAka     STEM|POS:PRON|LEM:<iy~aA|2MS
     2 │ naEobudu     STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:Eabada|ROOT:…
     3 │ <iy~aAka     STEM|POS:PRON|LEM:<iy~aA|2MS
     4 │ nasotaEiynu  STEM|POS:V|IMPF|(X)|LEM:{sotaEiy…
     5 │ {hodi        STEM|POS:V|IMPV|LEM:hadaY|ROOT:h…
     6 │ naA          SUFFIX|PRON:1P
     7 │ >anoEamo     STEM|POS:V|PERF|(IV)|LEM:>anoEam…
     8 │ ta           SUFFIX|PRON:2MS
   ⋮   │      ⋮                       ⋮
 44086 │ >aEuw*u      STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:Eu*o|ROOT:Ew…
 44087 │ xalaqa       STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:xalaqa|ROOT:…
 44088 │ waqaba       STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:waqaba|ROOT:…
 44089 │ Hasada       STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:Hasada|ROOT:…
 44090 │ qulo         STEM|POS:V|IMPV|LEM:qaAla|ROOT:q…
 44091 │ >aEuw*u      STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:Eu*o|ROOT:Ew…
 44092 │ yuwasowisu   STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:wasowasa|ROO…
                                      44077 rows omitted
julia> sum(tbl1[!, :features] .!== tbl2[!, :features])0

Part of Speech Types

Type	Parent Type	Tag	Description	Arabic Name
`Noun`	`AbstractNoun`	`Symbol("N")`	Noun	اسم
`ProperNoun`	`AbstractNoun`	`Symbol("PN")`	Proper noun	اسم علم
`Adjective`	`AbstractDerivedNominal`	`Symbol("ADJ")`	Adjective	صفة
`ImperativeVerbalNoun`	`AbstractDerivedNominal`	`Symbol("IMPN")`	Imperative verbal noun	اسم فعل أمر
`Personal`	`AbstractPronoun`	`Symbol("PRON")`	Personal pronoun	ضمير
`Demonstrative`	`AbstractPronoun`	`Symbol("DEM")`	Demonstrative pronoun	اسم اشارة
`Relative`	`AbstractPronoun`	`Symbol("REL")`	Relative pronoun	اسم موصول
`Time`	`AbstractAdverb`	`Symbol("T")`	Time adverb	ظرف زمان
`Location`	`AbstractAdverb`	`Symbol("LOC")`	Location adverb	ظرف مكان
`Preposition`	`AbstractPreposition`	`Symbol("P")`	Preposition	حرف جر
`EmphaticLam`	`AbstractPrefix`	`Symbol("EMPH")`	Emphatic lam prefix	لام التوكيد
`ImperativeLam`	`AbstractPrefix`	`Symbol("IMPV")`	Imperative lam prefix	لام الامر
`PurposeLam`	`AbstractPrefix`	`Symbol("PRP")`	Purpose lam prefix	لام التعليل
`EmphaticNun`	`AbstractPrefix`	`Symbol("+n:EMPH")`	Emphatic lam prefix	لام التوكيد
`Coordinating`	`AbstractConjunction`	`Symbol("CONJ")`	Coordinating conjunction	حرف عطف
`Subordinating`	`AbstractConjunction`	`Symbol("SUB")`	Subordinating particle	حرف مصدري
`Accusative`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("ACC")`	Accusative particle	حرف نصب
`Amendment`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("AMD")`	Amendment particle	حرف استدراك
`Answer`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("ANS")`	Answer particle	حرف جواب
`Aversion`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("AVR")`	Aversion particle	حرف ردع
`Cause`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("CAUS")`	Particle of cause	حرف سببية
`Certainty`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("CERT")`	Particle of certainty	حرف تحقيق
`Circumstantial`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("CIRC")`	Circumstantial particle	حرف حال
`Comitative`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("COM")`	Comitative particle	واو المعية
`Conditional`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("COND")`	Conditional particle	حرف شرط
`Equalization`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("EQ")`	Equalization particle	حرف تسوية
`Exhortation`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("EXH")`	Exhortation particle	حرف تحضيض
`Explanation`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("EXL")`	Explanation particle	حرف تفصيل
`Exceptive`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("EXP")`	Exceptive particle	أداة استثناء
`Future`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("FUT")`	Future particle	حرف استقبال
`Inceptive`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("INC")`	Inceptive particle	حرف ابتداء
`Interpretation`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("INT")`	Inceptive particle	حرف تفسير
`Interogative`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("INTG")`	Interogative particle	حرف استفهام
`Negative`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("NEG")`	Negative particle	حرف نفي
`Preventive`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("PREV")`	Preventive particle	حرف كاف
`Prohibition`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("PRO")`	Prohibition particle	حرف نهي
`Resumption`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("REM")`	Resumption particle
`Restriction`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("RES")`	Restriction particle	أداة حصر
`Retraction`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("RET")`	Retraction particle	حرف اضراب
`Result`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("RSLT")`	Result particle	حرف واقع في جواب الشرط
`Supplemental`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("SUP")`	Suplemental particle	حرف زائد
`Surprise`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("SUR")`	Surprise particle	حرف فجاءة
`Vocative`	`AbstractParticle`	`Symbol("VOC")`	Vocative particle	حرف نداء
`DisconnectedLetters`	`AbstractDisLetters`	`Symbol("INL")`	Quranic initials	حروف مقطعة
`FirstPerson`	`AbstractPerson`	`Symbol("1")`	First person	الاسناد
`SecondPerson`	`AbstractPerson`	`Symbol("2")`	Second person	الاسناد
`ThirdPerson`	`AbstractPerson`	`Symbol("3")`	Third person	الاسناد
`Masculine`	`AbstractGender`	`Symbol("M")`	Masculine	الجنس
`Feminine`	`AbstractGender`	`Symbol("F")`	Feminine	الجنس
`Singular`	`AbstractNumber`	`Symbol("S")`	Singular	العدد
`Dual`	`AbstractNumber`	`Symbol("D")`	Dual	العدد
`Plural`	`AbstractNumber`	`Symbol("P")`	Plural	العدد
`Verb`	`AbstractPartOfSpeech`	`Symbol("V")`	Verb	فعل
`Perfect`	`AbstractAspect`	`Symbol("PERF")`	Perfect verb	فعل ماض
`Imperfect`	`AbstractAspect`	`Symbol("IMPF")`	Imperfect verb	فعل مضارع
`Imperative`	`AbstractAspect`	`Symbol("IMPV")`	Imperative verb	فعل أمر
`Indicative`	`AbstractMood`	`Symbol("IND")`	Indicative mood (default)	مرفوع
`Subjunctive`	`AbstractMood`	`Symbol("SUBJ")`	Subjunctive mood	منصوب
`Jussive`	`AbstractMood`	`Symbol("JUS")`	Jussive mood	مجزوم
`Active`	`AbstractVoice`	`Symbol("ACT")`	Active voice (default)	مبني للمعلوم
`Passive`	`AbstractVoice`	`Symbol("PASS")`	Passive voice	مبني للمجهول
`VerbFormI`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("I")`	First verb form (default)	فعل
`VerbFormII`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("II")`	Second verb form	فعل
`VerbFormIII`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("III")`	Third verb form	فعل
`VerbFormIV`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("IV")`	Fourth verb form	فعل
`VerbFormV`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("V")`	Fifth verb form	فعل
`VerbFormVI`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("VI")`	Sixth verb form	فعل
`VerbFormVII`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("VII")`	Seventh verb form	فعل
`VerbFormVIII`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("VIII")`	Eighth verb form	فعل
`VerbFormIX`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("IX")`	Ninth verb form	فعل
`VerbFormX`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("X")`	Tenth verb form	فعل
`VerbFormXI`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("XI")`	Eleventh verb form	فعل
`VerbFormXII`	`AbstractForm`	`Symbol("XII")`	Twelfth verb form	فعل
`ActiveParticle`	`AbstractDerivedNoun`	`Symbol("ACT PCPL")`	Active particle	اسم فاعل
`PassiveParticle`	`AbstractDerivedNoun`	`Symbol("PASS PCPL")`	Passive particle	اسم مفعول
`VerbalNoun`	`AbstractDerivedNoun`	`Symbol("VN")`	Verbal noun	مصدر
`Definite`	`AbstractState`	`Symbol("DEF")`	Definite state	معرفة
`Indefinite`	`AbstractState`	`Symbol("INDEF")`	Indefinite state	نكرة
`Nominative`	`AbstractCase`	`Symbol("NOM")`	Nominative case	مرفوع
`Genetive`	`AbstractCase`	`Symbol("GEN")`	Genetive case	مجرور